Fully equipped (Batteries included)

The Topic Maps architecture allows users to describe their information freely, without imposing any constraint on what can be considered a topic, and how topics are related to each other. It is a knowledge graph that is left to their user to design.

However, contrarily to most graphs that needs to be implemented from scratch on a graph database, topic maps come with an internal set of features, that are ready to be used and cover most use cases.
Topics can be described by any number of names. One of these names is the preferred name, the other names are synonyms.
Topic names have their own internal built-in properties. Names can be assigned a language (or set a language), and a kind. The fact that a topic may have several names means that a topic can be described in multiple languages. Examples of languages can be English or Italian, but also US English, British English, etc. Examples of kinds of names can be surnames, acronyms, abbreviated, etc. Every language and kind of name are also topics.
Topics can be assigned a scope, that describes the context in which it is being used. The scope is itself a topic. The scope can be just a number, used to differentiate when a given name is used to describe different meanings.
Relationships between topics are defined by a "role" that the second topic plays in relation to the first. As the order in which the relationship is presented matters, there is no need to explicitly declare the reverse relationship. For example, if A is included into B, B is the topic that A is included in. Each role is itself a topic.
Relationships between topics are also topics. This means that any relationship can be embedded into other relationship. For example, "(A is included into B) according to C" relates the topic (A is included into B) with the topic C.
The way topics are related to resources is described by means of an occurrence role. An occurrence role is similar to a relation role and is also a topic. For example: "picture" can be defined as an occurrence role for a topic when the link goes to a picture of a topic.